In fact, the acts of anti-forensics include many more advanced techniques which involves image resampling, resizing or rotation, nonlinear filtering, and geometrical distortions to disguise and remove the traces of the manipulation.įor example, the picture of Iran missile in 2008 above looks real enough, doesn’t it? Apparently, it has undergone a heavy manipulation - it shows four missiles, one more than the original one which should display only three. Sometimes, only editing or performing simple manipulations on the images are not enough. The phrase above might indeed be relevant in terms of digital image anti-forensics, as by looking at them with our naked eyes, it is hard to tell whether the pictures are original or not. In this case, digital image forensics may be one solution to verify the authenticity and integrity of digital images. These acts have been proven challenging to find the originality of those images, especially if the images are in fact evidences of a crime - or let’s say, the result of anti-forensic techniques. Cutting, cloning, or resizing an image is indirectly a very simple example of digital image manipulation. Living in a world that is getting more and more technologically advanced makes it ridiculously easy to utilise many tools to manipulate things such as digital images. Performing Digital Image Forensics Using ExifTool, JPEGsnoop, and Forensically Digital Image Forensics: Ways to Investigate Images’ Reliability
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